The Malolos Constitution written by the congress was proclaimed on January 22, 1899, creating what is known today as the First Philippine Republic, with Aguinaldo as its president. On December 10, 1898, the 1898 Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the SpanishвЂ“American War and transferring the Philippines from Spain to the United States. Following the proclamation of independence, Aguinaldo established a revolutionary government on June 23, 1898, under which the partly-elected and partly-appointed Malolos Congress convened on September 15 to write a constitution.

Later in May, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, established a dictatorial government on (formally established by decree on June 18 ), and on June 12, 1898, at Aguinaldo's ancestral home in Cavite, issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain. Navy decisively defeated the Spanish Navy in the Battle of Manila Bay. Navy's Asiatic Squadron, then in Hong Kong, sailed to the Philippines to engage the Spanish naval forces. In April 1898, the SpanishвЂ“American War broke out. In 1897, Philippine forces led by Aguinaldo signed a ceasefire with the Spanish authorities and Aguinaldo and other leaders went into exile in Hong Kong. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began against Spanish colonial rule. Unlike the founding documents of those governments, however, the Malolos Constitution was duly approved by a partially elected congress and called for a true representative democracy. The Philippine Republic is considered by Filipino historians to be the first proper constitutional republic in Asia Although there were several Asian republics predating the First Philippine Republic - for example, the Mahajanapadas of ancient India, the Lanfang Republic, the Republic of Formosa or the Republic of Ezo, and Aguinaldo himself had led a number of governments prior to Malolos, like those established at Tejeros and Biak-na-Bato which both styled themselves RepГєblica de Filipinas ('Republic of the Philippines'). The PhilippineвЂ“American War began in February 1899, eventually resulting in American victory.

The Malolos Constitution establishing the First Philippine Republic was proclaimed the following month. In December, Sovereignty over the Philippines was transferred from Spain to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, making the United States formally the Philippines colonial power. Following the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and established successive revolutionary Philippine governments on June 18 and 23 of that year. The First Philippine Republic was established during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire (1896вЂ“1897) and the SpanishвЂ“American War between Spain and the United States (1898).

It was formally established with Emilio Aguinaldo as president by proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 21, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, succeeding the previous Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. The Philippine Republic ( Spanish: RepГєblica Filipina), more commonly known by historians as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic, was an unrecognized independent sovereign state in the Philippines.

The Inauguration of the First Philippine Republic in Malolos, January 23, 1899

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